Dual encapsulation of mRNA–LNP within two distinct carrier systems. Fluorescently labeled (green) mRNA–LNP are embedded in hydrogel microbeads, while fluorescently labeled (red) mRNA–LNP are encapsulated in polymer–lipid microcapsules. Both carrier types are fabricated using the high-throughput microfluidic platform, yielding uniform structures that protect mRNA–LNP at physiological temperature (37 °C) yet exhibit distinct, tunable release kinetics over time.